Disease:Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia [MIM:176730]. ,Function:Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides , amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis , the pentose phosphate cycle , and glycogen synthesis in liver. ,Function:Preptin undergoes glucose-mediated co-secretion with insulin , and acts as physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exhibits osteogenic properties by increasing osteoblast mitogenic activity through phosphoactivation of MAPK1 and MAPK3. ,Function:The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity. In vitro , they are potent mitogens for cultured cells. IGF-II is influenced by placental lactogen and may play a role in fetal development. ,mass spectrometry: PubMed:12586351; PubMed:15359740 ,online information:Clinical information on Eli Lilly insulin products ,online information:Insulin entry ,online information:Insulin-like growth factor 2 entry ,online information:Protein of the 20th century - Issue 9 of April 2001 ,pharmaceutical:Available under the names Humulin or Humalog (Eli Lilly) and Novolin (Novo Nordisk) . Used in the treatment of diabetes. Humalog is an insulin analog with 52-Lys-Pro-53 instead of 52-Pro-Lys-53. ,similarity:Belongs to the insulin family. ,subunit:Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds. ,
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