Catalytic activity:2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H (2) O. ,cofactor:Magnesium. Required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer. ,developmental stage:During ontogenesis , there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/beta heterodimer in striated muscle cells , and to the alpha/gamma heterodimer in nerve cells. ,Function:Has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Binds , in a calcium-dependent manner , to cultured neocortical neurons and promotes cell survival. ,induction:Levels of ENO2 increase dramatically in cardiovascular accidents , cerebral trauma , brain tumors and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. ,pathway:Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 4/5. ,similarity:Belongs to the enolase family. ,subcellular location:Can translocate to the plasma membrane in either the homodimeric (alpha/alpha) or heterodimeric (alpha/gamma) form. ,subunit:Mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits , alpha , beta and gamma , which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type and development-specific. ,tissue specificity:The alpha/alpha homodimer is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle , and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons. ,
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