Synthesized peptide derived from human GNAS2 AA range: 137-187

This antibody detects endogenous levels of GNAS2 at Human/Mouse/Rat

GNAS GNAS1 GSP

GNAS2

This locus has a highly complex imprinted expression pattern. It gives rise to maternally, paternally, and biallelically expressed transcripts that are derived from four alternative promoters and 5' exons. Some transcripts contain a differentially methylated region (DMR) at their 5' exons, and this DMR is commonly found in imprinted genes and correlates with transcript expression. An antisense transcript is produced from an overlapping locus on the opposite strand. One of the transcripts produced from this locus, and the antisense transcript, are paternally expressed noncoding RNAs, and may regulate imprinting in this region. In addition, one of the transcripts contains a second overlapping ORF, which encodes a structurally unrelated protein - Alex. Alternative splicing of downstream exons is also observed, which results in different forms of the stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit, a key element of the classical signal transduction pathway linking receptor-ligand interactions with the activation of adenylyl cyclase and a variety of cellular reponses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Mutations in this gene result in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a, pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, McCune-Albright syndrome, progressive osseus heteroplasia, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, and some pituitary tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012],

Caution:The sequence shown here is derived from an Ensembl automatic analysis pipeline and should be considered as preliminary data.,Disease:Defects in GNAS are a cause of ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) [MIM:219080]; also known as adrenal Cushing syndrome due to AIMAH. AIMAH is an endogenous form of adrenal Cushing syndrome characterized by multiple bilateral adrenocortical nodules that cause a striking enlargement of the adrenal glands.,Disease:Defects in GNAS are the cause of a subset of growth hormone secreting pituitary tumors (somatotrophinoma) [MIM:102200].,Disease:Defects in GNAS are the cause of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) [MIM:103580]. AHO is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a short stature, brachydactyly, subcutaneous ossifications. AHO is often associated with pseudohypoparathyoidism, hypocalcemia, and elevated PTH levels. The expression or the activity of GNAS is reduced in AHO.,Disease:Defects in GNAS are the cause of GNAS hyperfunction [MIM:139320]. This condition is characterized by increased trauma-related bleeding tendency, prolonged bleeding time, brachydactyly and mental retardation. Both the XLas isoforms and the ALEX protein are mutated which strongly reduces the interaction between them and this may allow unimpeded activation of the XLas isoforms.,Disease:Defects in GNAS are the cause of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) [MIM:174800]. MAS is characterized by polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, cafe-au-lait lesions, and a variety of endocrine disorders, including precocious puberty, hyperthyroidism, hypercortisolism, growth hormone excess, and hyperprolactinemia. The mutations producing MAS lead to constitutive activation of GS alpha.,Disease:Defects in GNAS are the cause of progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) [MIM:166350]. POH is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by extensive dermal ossification during childhood, followed by disabling and widespread heterotopic ossification of skeletal muscle and deep connective tissue.,Disease:Defects in GNAS are the cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A) [MIM:103580]. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a term applied to a heterogeneous group of disorders whose common feature is resistance to parathyroid hormone.,Disease:Defects in GNAS may be a cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:114500].,Disease:Genetic variations in GNAS are the cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B) [MIM:603233]. PHP1B is characterized by parathyroid hormone (PTH)-resistant hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Patients affected with PHP1B have normal activity of the product of GNAS, lack developmental defects characteristic of AHO, and typically show no other endocrine abnormalities besides resistance to PTH. Most affected individuals have defects in methylation of the gene. In some cases microdeletions involving the STX16 appear to cause loss of methylation at exon A/B of GNAS, resulting in PHP1B. Paternal uniparental isodisomy have also been observed.,Function:Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(s) protein is involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: it activates the cyclase in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli.,Function:Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(s) protein is involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: it activates the cyclase in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli. XLas isoforms interact with the same set of receptors as Gnas isoforms.,Function:May inhibit the adenylyl cyclase-stimulating activity of guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha which is produced from the same locus in a different open reading frame.,miscellaneous:The GNAS locus is imprinted in a complex manner, giving rise to distinct paternally, maternally and biallelically expressed proteins. The XLas isoforms are paternally derived, the Gnas isoforms are biallelically derived and the Nesp55 isoforms are maternally derived.,miscellaneous:This protein is produced by a bicistronic gene which also produces guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha from an overlapping reading frame.,miscellaneous:This protein is produced by a bicistronic gene which also produces the ALEX protein from an overlapping reading frame.,PTM:Binds keratan sulfate chains.,PTM:May be proteolytically processed to give rise to a number of active peptides.,similarity:Belongs to the ALEX family.,similarity:Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(s) subfamily.,similarity:Belongs to the NESP55 family.,subcellular location:Neuroendocrine secretory granules.,subcellular location:Predominantly associated with cell membrane ruffles.,subunit:G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site.,subunit:G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site. Interacts through its N-terminal region with ALEX which is produced from the same locus in a different open reading frame. This interaction may inhibit its adenylyl cyclase-stimulating activity.,subunit:Interacts with the N-terminal region of the XLas isoforms of guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha.,

Cell membrane ; Lipid-anchor .