Endogenous

LRRK2 PARK8

Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (Dardarin)

This gene is a member of the leucine-rich repeat kinase family and encodes a protein with an ankryin repeat region, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, a kinase domain, a DFG-like motif, a RAS domain, a GTPase domain, a MLK-like domain, and a WD40 domain. The protein is present largely in the cytoplasm but also associates with the mitochondrial outer membrane. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Parkinson disease-8. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

Catalytic activity:ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.,Disease:Defects in LRRK2 are the cause of Parkinson disease 8 (PARK8) [MIM:607060, 168600]. Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex, multifactorial disorder that typically manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. PD generally arises as a sporadic condition but is occasionally inherited as a simple mendelian trait. Although sporadic and familial PD are very similar, inherited forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features. PD is characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability, as well as by a clinically significant response to treatment with levodopa. The pathology involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. PARK8 is an autosomal-dominant late-onset parkinsonism, characterized by onset from 50 to 65 years, with slow progression and relatively benign course.,Function:Probable protein kinase whose role is not yet known. May play a role in the phosphorylation of proteins central to Parkinson disease. May also have GTPase activity.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family.,similarity:Contains 1 protein kinase domain.,similarity:Contains 1 Roc domain.,similarity:Contains 16 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats.,subcellular location:Localized in the cytoplasm and associated with cellular membrane structures. Associates with the mitochondrial outer membrane.,subunit:Interacts with PARK2.,tissue specificity:Expressed throughout the adult brain, but at a lower level than in heart and liver. Also expressed in placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. In the brain, expressed in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, medulla, spinal cord occipital pole, frontal lobe, temporal lobe and putamen. Expression is particularly high in brain dopaminoceptive areas.,

Cytoplasmic vesicle . Perikaryon . Golgi apparatus membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein . Cell projection, axon . Cell projection, dendrite . Endoplasmic reticulum membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein . Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane . Endosome . Lysosome . Mitochondrion outer membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein . Colocalized with RAB29 along tubular structures emerging from Golgi apparatus (PubMed:23395371). Localizes to endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES), also known as transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER) (PubMed:25201882). .

Expressed in pyramidal neurons in all cortical laminae of the visual cortex, in neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and caudate putamen (at protein level). Expressed in neutrophils (at protein level) (PubMed:29127255). Expressed in the brain. Expressed throughout the adult brain, but at a lower level than in heart and liver. Also expressed in placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. In the brain, expressed in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, medulla, spinal cord occipital pole, frontal lobe, temporal lobe and putamen. Expression is particularly high in brain dopaminoceptive areas.

>>Parkinson disease ;
>>Pathways of neurodegeneration - multiple diseases