CYP2C19

Cytochrome P450 2C19 ;
R ;
-limonene 6-monooxygenase ;
S ;
-limonene 6-monooxygenase ;
S ;
-limonene 7-monooxygenase ;
CYPIIC17 ;
CYPIIC19 ;
Cytochrome P450-11A ;
Cytochrome P450-254C ;
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase ;

catalytic activity:(+)-(R)-limonene + NADPH + O(2) = (+)-trans-carveol + NADP(+) + H(2)O.,catalytic activity:(-)-(S)-limonene + NADPH + O(2) = (-)-perillyl alcohol + NADP(+) + H(2)O.,catalytic activity:(-)-(S)-limonene + NADPH + O(2) = (-)-trans-carveol + NADP(+) + H(2)O.,caution:P450-254C was originally listed as a separate gene (CYP2C17). Resequencing demonstrated that it is not a separate gene, but a chimera. The 5'-portion corresponds to a partial 2C18 clone, and the 3'-portion corresponds to a partial 2C19 clone.,cofactor:Heme group.,function:Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.,induction:P450 can be induced to high levels in liver and other tissues by various foreign compounds, including drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens.,online information:CYP2C19 alleles,polymorphism:Genetic variation in CYP2C19 is responsible for poor drug metabolism [MIM:609535]. Individuals can be characterized as either extensive metabolizers (EM) or poor metabolizers (PM). The PM phenotype is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, with the EM phenotype comprising both homozygous dominant and heteroyzgote genotypes. There are marked interracial differences in the frequency of this polymorphism. Poor metabolizers represent 2-5% of Caucasians, 13-23% of Asian populations, and as many as 38-79% of individuals of some of the islands of Polynesia and Micronesia. Different alleles of CYP2C19 are known: CYP2C19*1A CYP2C19*1B, CYP2C19*1C, CYP2C19*2A (CYP2C19m1 or CYP2C19m1A), CYP2C19*2B (CYP2C19m1B), CYP2C19*2C (CYP2C19*21), CYP2C19*3A (CYP2C19m2), CYP2C19*3B (CYP2C19*20), CYP2C19*4 (CYP2C19m3), CYP2C19*5A (CYP2C19m4), CYP2C19*5B, CYP2C19*6, CYP2C19*7, CYP2C19*8, CYP2C19*9, CYP2C19*10, CYP2C19*11 CYP2C19*12, CYP2C19*13, CYP2C19*14 CYP2C19*15, CYP2C19*16, CYP2C19*18, CYP2C19*19. Defective CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles are characterized by a splice mutation and a stop codon, respectively, and account for most of the PM alleles. The sequence shown is that of allele CYP2C19*1B.,similarity:Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.,

drug metabolic process, oxidation reduction,

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.